ion of soils contaminated with Cd and Cu, the mechanisms of plant Cd and Cu transport, and the food safety of agricultural products.The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is an illustrative example of multiple pressures encountered in the Mediterranean region it is a small coastal river affected by rapid urbanization, population growth (drastically impacted by the influx of Syrian refugees), and a chronic default of wastewater treatment. In this context, multiple classes of contaminants may attain the river accumulating in sediment. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sulfopin.html However, very little information is available in the literature on the contamination status in such stressed Mediterranean contexts. This study proposed a first contamination evaluation of a small Mediterranean river submitted to multiple pressures. Two sediment sampling campaigns along sites impacted by increasing urban gradient within the Kadicha river basin were performed to determine the occurrence and the environmental risks of both emerging and legacy contaminants. The results revealed the detection of the 41 studied compounds. The highest concentrations were attained by PAHs and polycyclic musks (up to 311.79, 94.22, and 81.13 ng/g of dry weight for PAH, cashmeran, and galaxolide, respectively). The discontinuous urbanized upstream area and the estuary were the most contaminated areas of the river. An environmental risk assessment showed a hazard quotient (HQ) higher than 1 for both legacy and emerging compounds (EHMC and 4-MBC), indicating a potential risk to benthic species. Monitoring campaigns and implementation of wastewater treatment plants should be encouraged as the anthropogenic pressure on small Mediterranean rivers will increase over the years.Pyrolysis is an encouraging solution considering the facts of energy demand and waste plastic management as it produces liquid fuel for compression ignition engine application. This study provides critical insights into the effects of waste plastic oil on the emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engines. Though most of the studies have shown a negative influence, promising outcomes have been noticed in a few specific cases. A maximum of 71%, 80%, 76%, 71%, 21%, and 13% decrease in nitrogen oxide emission, carbon monoxide emission, unburnt hydrocarbon emission, smoke emission, exhaust gas temperature, and brake-specific fuel consumption, respectively, have been noticed with waste plastic oil or its blends at certain operating conditions. Nevertheless, the presence of long carbon chains, higher aromatic content, and non-homogeneous air-fuel mixture owing to the wide product distribution in plastic oil are the few reasons which affected the emission and performance characteristics of the engines. More rigorous investigations are needed to improve the quality of the fuel and to establish correlations between the fuel properties and pyrolysis parameters. In addition, the effects of incorporating exhaust gas recirculation, emulsification process, and use of additives with waste plastic oil need to be explored more for reducing the emissions with satisfactory engine performance, and in this regard, the use of bio-additives with waste plastic oil can provide a new direction to this research field. Further, studies on the economic feasibility and the impact of waste plastic oil on engine materials are also required.Upgradation of pyrolysis oil is a key process to achieve high-quality biofuel. In this study, the effects of different Ar pressures and H2/Ar ratios in the presence and absence of catalysts on deoxygenation of pyrolysis oil were investigated by autoclaving. When the initial pressure of the reaction is 6MPa and without catalyst addition, the content of carboxylic acid decreases from 51.52 to 41.54%, whereas with the addition of catalyst (10 % Ni/C), the deoxygenation and hydrocarbon content in the product were significantly improved. Hence, 6 MPa was found to be optimum and above which failed to induce such useful changes but can lead to lower high heating value (HHV). However, the presence of hydrogen affects the content of alkanes and olefins in the product.Among natural disasters, flood is increasingly recognized as a serious worldwide concern that causes the most damages in parts of agriculture, fishery, housing, and infrastructure and strongly affects economic and social activities. Universally, there is a requirement to increase our conception of flood vulnerability and to outstretch methods and tools to assess it. Spatial analysis of flood vulnerability is part of non-structural measures to prevent and reduce flood destructive effects. Hence, the current study proposes a methodology for assessing the flood vulnerability in the area of watershed in a severely flooded area of Iran (i.e., Kashkan Watershed). First interdependency analysis among criteria (including population density (PD), livestock density (LD), percentage of farmers and ranchers (PFR), distance to industrial and mining areas (DTIM), distance to tourist and cultural heritage areas (DTTCH), land use, distance to residential areas (DTRe), distance to road (DTR), and distance to stream (DTS)) was conducted using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Hence, the cause and effect factors and their interaction levels in the whole network were investigated. Then, using the interdependency relationships among criteria, a network structure from flood vulnerability factors to determine their importance of factors was constructed, and the analytical network process (ANP) was applied. Finally, with the aim to overcome ambiguity, reduce uncertainty, and keep the data variability, an appropriate fuzzy membership function was applied to each layer by analyzing the relationship of each layer with flood vulnerability. Importance analysis indicated that land use (0.197), DTS (0.181), PD (0.180), DTRe (0.140), and DTR (0.138) were the most important variables. The flood vulnerability map produced by the integrated method of DEMATEL-ANP-fuzzy showed that about 19.2% of the region has a high to very high flood vulnerability.Tetracyclines are frequently detected in water bodies due to their widespread use in aquaculture and animal husbandry. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the phytotoxic effects of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hare exposed to various concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 30, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 7 days (7 D) and 14 days (14 D), respectively. The results showed that similar to OTC treatment for 7 D, the relative growth rates (RGR) and catalase (CAT) activity of V. natans, after 7 D of CTC exposure, decreased significantly at 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. The content of soluble protein notably decreased when CTC ? 10 mg/L and OTC ? 30 mg/L. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was significantly stimulated when OTC ? 10 mg/L, while it hardly changed when exposed to CTC. After 14 D, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents of V. natans were significantly higher than those of the control group under a high concentration of OTC (? 30 mg/L), but they did not change significantly under a high concentration of CTC.